Course CodeBSC302Fee CodeS3Duration (approx)100 hoursQualificationStatement of Attainment Deepen your knowledge of Plant Biochemistry This course develops a deeper understanding of how plants grow, and in doing so, has valuable and practical benefits for horticulturists, farmers, plant scientists or anyone involved in growing plants. Prerequisite: Biochemistry I and II or equivalent knowledge. Lesson Structure There are 11 lessons in this course: Introduction Introduction to Metabolism Energy Transfer within the Cell - sources of energy, components of the cell, catabolic metabolism, anabolic metabolism, energy exchanges, free energy, enthalpy, entropy, energy transfers, ATP, Oxidation, enzyme catalysed reactions, coenzymes, hydrolysis, hydration reaction, phosphorylation. Glycolysis ATP - ATP Synthase Glycolysis - activation, ATP production from Glycolysis, Metabolism of Pyruvate Pentose Phosphate Pathway Movement Through Membranes Lipids and Fats Membranes Kinetics and Mechanisms of Transport - mediated and non-mediated transport, active transport Ionophores Aquaporins Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondria Electron Transport Oxidative Phosphorylation Citric Acid Cycle/Tricarboxylic Cycle Controls of ATP Production Sugar and Polysaccharide Metabolism Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins Sucrose Starches - Glycogen and Starch Starch Biosynthesis - Transitory Starch in Chloroplasts, Sucrose and Starch Regulation Carbohydrate Metabolism Gluconeogenesis - The Glyoxylate Pathway Cell Wall Lipid Metabolism Lipids Fatty Acid Biosynthesis by Plastids - Saturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Glycerolipid and Phospholipid Formation Triacylglycerol (TAG) Formation Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Peroxisomes/Glyoxysomes Wound Sealing Photosynthesis Photosynthesis - Chloroplasts, Light Reactions Dark Reactions - Carboxylation, Regeneration, the Calvin Cycle Photorespiration - C4 Respiration CAM Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleotides Nitrogen Fixation Assimilation of Ammonia into Amino Acids - Purines, Pyramidines Formation of Deoxyribonucleotides Nucleotide Degradation Enzyme Activity Enzymes Enzyme Classification Enzyme Kinetics Enzyme Regulation Reproductive Processes in Plants Types of Plant Reproduction - Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Gene Expression What are Genes? Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Protein Synthesis - Overview, Transcription, Translation Eukaryotic DNA Replication - DNA Polymerases, Leading and Lagging Strains, Telomeres and Telomerase Other Processes Hormones Growth Regulators - Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Ethylene Other Hormones - Antiauxins, Growth Inhibiters, Growth Retardants, Growth Simulators, Defoliants, Unclassified Plant Growth Regulators Use of Plant Hormones in Horticulture - Hormone Products Aims Explain the interaction between the various biochemical processes within the plant cell Explain the process of glycolysis. Describe the transport mechanism of bio-chemicals through plant membranes. Explain the processes of electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation, and their importance to energy regulation in plants. Explain the structure and metabolism of carbohydrates Explain the metabolism of lipids. Explain the processes of photosynthesis and the role of the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis in the growth of plants. Explain biochemical nucleotide metabolism. Explain enzyme reactions and catalysis in biochemistry. Explain metabolic processes relevant to reproduction in plants. Explain other biochemical processes including biochemical communication through hormones. Learn about Plant Biochemicals and What Happens to them in the Plant This Course Can Enable You to Understand By undertaking this course, your ability to find information about plant biochemical processes will grow. You will be able to better understand what you encounter and better apply it in dealing with plant management in the real world. Applications for Plant Biochemistry Understanding biochemistry allows nurseryman to propagate plants better, by using hormones and other chemicals to do things such as stimulate the production of roots from a cutting Biochemical knowledge can be used to manipulate the type and rate of growth in crops, to better manage harvest and post harvest treatment of crops, and increase the overall productivity of plants grown on any type of farm. Weedicides could not be developed anywhere near as well without application of biochemistry Biotechnology can be used to alter plants in ways that will improve their use in forestry, farming, crop production, landscaping, environmental management, and more.